Dr. Ohno came to the US to pursue graduate studies from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan. Soon after Ohno arrived at UCLA, he began to work with Dr. Kinosita, a world-renowned cancer researcher, who was a Visiting Professor at the “new” UCLA School of Medicine, and was already conducting collaborative research with COH. When Kinosita asked Ohno to join him in establishing a cancer research program at COH, Ohno accepted and helped Kinosita start the new research institute. Apparently, it was an exciting challenge for both of them. Ohno moved to COH in 1952, where he spent his entire highly productive career opening up new insights into genetics and evolution (1-4).
The important collaboration with Dr. Ernest Beutler, who came as Chairman of the Department of Medicine in 1959, was highlighted in the article of Time magazine, the January 4, 1963 issue, entitled “Research Makes it Official: Women Are Genetic Mosaics”. Ohno published that the two X　chromosomes of mammals were different: one appeared similar to the autosomes; the other was condensed and heterochromatic. Beutler soon determined that random “X chromosome inactivation” causes tissue mosaicism in female mammals.
Ohno’s phenomenal hypothesis “Evolution by Gene Duplication” (Springer-Verlag) was published in October 1970, ahead of DNA sequencing technology and genome sequencing era. Its citation dramatically increased since 2000, 150 per year, now totaling ~3000. Ohno was instrumental to hire Drs. Riggs and Itakura who contributed to diabetes research initiated by Dr. Rachmiel Levine, the Father of Modern Diabetes Research.
COH is steadily growing strong in both diabetes and cancer research. My presentation will also introduce the COH history to date and my recent research activities (5, 6).

References
1. Wolf U (1998) “Susumu Ohno” Cytogenet Cell Genet. 80:8-11.
2. Beutler E (2002) “Susumo Ohno” Biographical Memoirs V.81: 234-245. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
3. Hayakawa S and Fujita-Yamaguchi Y (2016) “Story of City of Hope: Japan-US scientific collaborations achieved by Riojun Kinoshita and Susumu Ohno” Nikgen to Rekishi-sha, Printed in Japan. ISBN 978-4-89007-205-7
4. Fujita-Yamaguchi Y (2018) “Japanese Scientists at City of Hope: The Birth of a Research Institute and Biotechnology” Norvak S (Ed), ISBN 978-0-692-06350-7 Printed in the USA by Printing & Copy Store
5. Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Bagramyan K, Yamaguchi Y, Ikeda A, Dohmae N, Hong TB, and Kalkum M. (2018) Mass spectrometric revival of an L-rhamnose- and D-galactose-specific lectin from a lost strain of Streptomyces. J Biol Chem. 293, 368-378
6. Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Muramatsu H, Tapia A, Bagramyan K, Desai M, Takehana Y, Igarashi M, Yamaguchi Y, and Kalkum M. (2021) Proteolytic Processing, Maturation, and Unique Synteny of the Streptomyces Hemagglutinin SHA. Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 9 Issue 9 e00766-21.